A Comparative Analysis of Pedagogical Values Based on Fatḥ al-Rabbānī and al-Ghunyah by Shaykh ʿAbd al-Qādir al-Jīlānī

Abstract

Attention to classical studies of Islamic teachings has gradually declined, despite the valuable insights offered by classical Islamic literature. Renowned scholars such as al-Ghazālī, Ibn Sīnā, and Shaykh ʿAbd al-Qādir al-Jīlānī have made significant contributions to the development of Islamic knowledge, particularly in the field of Islamic education. This study aims to compare the pedagogical values contained in two classical works of ʿAbd al-Qādir al-Jīlānī, namely Fatḥ al-Rabbānī and al-Ghunyah. Employing a library research approach, the study utilizes comparative content analysis to examine and compare the educational concepts presented in both texts. The data were analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, interpretation of educational values, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that Fatḥ al-Rabbānī emphasizes the purification of the soul (tazkiyat al-nafs) through a spiritual-reflective educational approach, whereas al-Ghunyah focuses on strengthening faith, adherence to religious teachings, and the implementation of a normative-systemic educational framework. Despite these differences, both works consistently advocate the integration of knowledge, practice, and morality as the foundation of Islamic education. This study concludes that the integration of pedagogical values derived from these two classical texts offers a holistic model of Islamic education capable of fostering individuals with strong religious and ethical character. Furthermore, this model remains relevant in addressing the opportunities and challenges of contemporary education.